The Bilateral Accord: Prohibition of Attack on Nuclear Installations and Facilities

Introduction

• The recent exchange of nuclear installation lists between India and Pakistan underscores the adherence to the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities. This significant diplomatic action solidifies the commitment of both nations to uphold the terms of this pivotal agreement.

Historical Signing and Effect

• Signed on December 31, 1988, by the then-Prime Ministers of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, and India, Rajiv Gandhi, this treaty officially took effect on January 27, 1991. Its significance is highlighted by its existence in duplicate copies, available in both Urdu and Hindi, emphasizing bilateral importance and linguistic inclusivity.

Origins and Significance

• The genesis of this agreement can be traced back to escalating tensions, notably triggered by the Indian military exercise ‘Brasstacks’ in 1986, which raised concerns about potential attacks on nuclear facilities. Subsequently, both countries engaged in prolonged negotiations aimed at establishing mutual understandings and controls over nuclear weaponry, culminating in the signing of this critical treaty.

Key Provisions

• Central to this agreement is the mandatory exchange of information between India and Pakistan. Annually, on January 1st, both nations are obliged to inform each other about the nuclear installations and facilities covered under this agreement. This transparency fosters trust and serves as a crucial measure for enhancing security.
• The agreement’s definition of ‘nuclear installation or facility’ is comprehensive, encompassing a broad range of facilities, including nuclear power and research reactors, fuel fabrication, uranium enrichment, isotope separation, reprocessing facilities, and establishments storing significant quantities of radioactive materials in various forms.

Conclusion

• The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities stands as a pivotal diplomatic tool, fostering transparency, confidence, and a secure environment in the realm of nuclear capabilities between India and Pakistan. This ongoing commitment reinforces stability and trust between the two nations.