Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)  

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) is a severe illness caused by infection with certain strains of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria. These bacteria are the same ones that can cause mild infections like strep throat and impetigo, but in the case of STSS, the infection is much more serious and can be life-threatening.

Causes:

Bacterial Infection: STSS is caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria, specifically strains that produce toxins. These bacteria can enter the body through wounds, surgical sites, or mucous membranes.

Toxin Production: The bacteria produce toxins (superantigens) that can trigger a massive immune response, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage.

Symptoms:

High Fever: A sudden and high fever is one of the first symptoms.

Hypotension: Low blood pressure (shock) that can result in dizziness, fainting, or confusion.

Rash: A red, flat rash that covers large areas of the body.

Organ Failure: Rapid progression to multi-organ failure, affecting the kidneys, liver, lungs, and other vital organs.

Severe Pain: Severe pain, especially in an infected wound or in muscles.

Flu-like Symptoms: Including chills, muscle aches, and nausea or vomiting.

Diagnosis:

Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of symptoms and physical examination.

Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to check for the presence of Group A Streptococcus bacteria, elevated white blood cell count, and signs of organ dysfunction.

Imaging Studies: In some cases, imaging studies may be required to identify the source of infection.