Donald Trump is returning to the White House ready to immediately overhaul the government using the fastest tool he has — the executive order.

 Trump Executive orders: Full list of executive orders signed by Donald Trump

1. Signed a symbolic memorandum directing federal agencies to combat consumer inflation.
2. Repealed Biden-era regulations to ease burdens on oil and natural gas production, particularly in Alaska.
3. Promised to impose 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico starting Feb. 1, with plans for additional tariffs on Chinese imports left unspecified.
4. Renamed the Gulf of Mexico as the “Gulf of America.”
5. Reverted Denali’s name back to “Mount McKinley” to honor “American greatness.”
6. Ordered flags to fly at full height on all future Inauguration Days, prompted by the lowering of flags for former President Jimmy Carter’s death.
7. Reversed Biden-era immigration orders, reinstating Trump’s first-term policy prioritizing deportation of all undocumented individuals.
8. Declared a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border, deploying U.S. troops to support immigration agents and restrict refugees and asylum seekers.
9. Promised to restart the policy requiring asylum seekers to remain in Mexico while awaiting U.S. hearings.
10. Pledged to end birthright citizenship, though constitutional obstacles remain.
11. Terminated the CBP One app, which had facilitated legal entry for nearly 1 million migrants under Biden’s administration.
12. Officially withdrew the U.S. from the Paris Climate Agreement (again).
13. Declared an energy emergency, promising to expand fossil fuel drilling and eliminate Biden’s electric vehicle mandate.
14. Halted federal hiring, except for the military and unspecified areas of government.
15. Froze the implementation of new federal regulations.
16. Proposed reclassifying certain federal employees as political appointees, making it easier to terminate them.
17. Empowered the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), led by Elon Musk, to recommend cuts to government programs and spending.
18. Terminated all federal DEI programs and directed a review to identify and end related initiatives.
19. Rolled back transgender protections, declaring the federal government will recognize only two biological sexes (male and female).
20. Mandated segregation in federal prisons, migrant shelters, and rape victim facilities based on biological sex as defined in the order.
21. Prohibited federal funding for gender transition services.
22. Ended federal prosecutions of individuals deemed “political opponents” of the Biden administration.
23. Pardoned 1,500 individuals convicted or charged in connection with the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.
24. Trump signed an executive order to keep TikTok operating for 75 days.
25. Order signed on the United States’ exit from the World Health Organization.
26. Signed an executive order prohibiting any federal officer, employee, or agent from unconstitutionally abridging the free speech of American citizens.
27. Directed the attorney general to investigate potential violations of free speech during the Biden administration and propose remedial actions based on the findings.
28. Trump has designated drug cartels as foreign terrorist organizations.
29. Suspended US foreign assistance for 90 days pending
30. Attorney general directed to help states get lethal injection drugs to carry out executions.

What are executive orders?

• Basically, they are signed statements about how the president wants the federal government to be managed. They can be instructions to federal agencies or requests for reports.
• Many orders can be unobjectionable, such as giving federal employees the day after Christmas off. They can also lay out major policies. For example, President Joe Bidensigned an order to create a structure for establishing regulations on artificial intelligence. But executive orders — and their policy sausage-making siblings, the proclamation and political memorandum — also are used by presidents to pursue agendas they can’t get through Congress.
• New presidents can — and often do — issue orders to cancel the orders of their predecessors.
• As the American Bar Association notes, the orders do not require congressional approval and can’t be directly overturned by lawmakers. Still, Congress could block an order from being fulfilled by removing funding or creating other hurdles.

How common are executive orders?

• Throughout US history, there have been several thousand executive orders, according to data collected by the American Presidency Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara. George Washington signed eight executive orders, while Franklin Delano Roosevelt did 3,721.
• During his first term, Trump, a Republican, signed 220. Biden, a Democrat, signed 160 as of Dec 20.

Examples of Notable Executive Orders:

EO 9066 (1942):

• Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it authorized the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II.

EO 9981 (1948):

• Issued by President Harry S. Truman, it desegregated the armed forces.

EO 13228 (2001):

• President George W. Bush established the Office of Homeland Security post-9/11.

EO 13769 (2017):

• Commonly referred to as the “travel ban,” issued by President Donald Trump, restricting travel from several predominantly Muslim countries.

Executive orders are often about political messaging:

• Trump forecasted signing as many as 100 executive orders on his first day, possibly covering deportations, the US-Mexico border, domestic energy, Schedule F rules for federal workers, school gender policies and vaccine mandates, among other Day promises made during his campaign. He’s also promised an executive order to give more time for the sale of TikTok.

There are limits to the power of executive orders

• Both Congress and the courts can potentially block executive orders.
• For example, Congress in 1992 revoked an executive order by then-President George H W Bush that would establish a human fetal tissue bank for scientific research by passing a measure that the order “shall not have any legal effect”. Congress can also deny funding to agencies and hamstring the enforcement of an order.
• There are also legal challenges based on the argument that a president exceeded his legal authorities. When President Harry Truman tried to seize steel mills during the Korean War, the US Supreme Court said he lacked the authority to take private property without authorisation from Congress.

ट्रम्प के कार्यकारी आदेश: कार्यकारी आदेश क्या है?

डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प द्वारा हस्ताक्षरित प्रमुख एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर्स:

1. उपभोक्ता महंगाई से लड़ने के लिए संघीय एजेंसियों को निर्देशित करते हुए एक प्रतीकात्मक मेमो।
2. अलास्का में तेल और प्राकृतिक गैस उत्पादन से संबंधित बाइडेन-युग के नियमों को निरस्त किया।
3. कनाडा और मेक्सिको पर 25% टैरिफ लगाने का आदेश।
4. मेक्सिको की खाड़ी का नाम बदलकर “अमेरिका की खाड़ी” रखा।
5. डेनाली पर्वत का नाम वापस “माउंट मैकिनले” किया।
6. भविष्य के सभी उद्घाटन दिवस पर झंडे को पूरे ऊँचाई पर रखने का आदेश।
7. बाइडेन-युग के आव्रजन आदेशों को उलटते हुए अवैध अप्रवासियों को प्राथमिकता से निर्वासित करने का निर्देश।
8. यूएस-मैक्सिको सीमा पर राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल घोषित किया।
9. शरणार्थियों को सुनवाई तक मैक्सिको में रहने की नीति पुनः लागू की।
10. जन्मसिद्ध नागरिकता समाप्त करने का वादा।

एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर क्या होते हैं?

एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर वे निर्देश हैं जिन्हें अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति संघीय सरकार के संचालन को प्रबंधित करने के लिए जारी करते हैं। ये निर्देश संघीय एजेंसियों को कानूनों को लागू करने या नीतियों को लागू करने का तरीका बताते हैं।

एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ:

अधिकार का स्रोत:

• यह आदेश अमेरिकी संविधान के अनुच्छेद II या संघीय कानूनों पर आधारित होते हैं।
• ये नए कानून नहीं बना सकते, लेकिन मौजूदा कानूनों के दायरे में ही कार्य करते हैं।

 प्रभाव:

• संघीय एजेंसियों और अधिकारियों को निर्देश देते हैं।
• इन्हें कानून की तरह लागू किया जाता है, लेकिन यदि ये असंवैधानिक हों, तो इन्हें न्यायालय द्वारा चुनौती दी जा सकती है।

प्रकाशन:

• प्रत्येक आदेश को फेडरल रजिस्टर में प्रकाशित करना अनिवार्य है।
• इन्हें एक अनूठे नंबर द्वारा पहचाना जाता है।

एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर के सीमाएं और चुनौतियां:

कांग्रेस का हस्तक्षेप:

• कांग्रेस बजट को रोककर या बाधाएं खड़ी कर आदेश की क्रियान्विति रोक सकती है।

न्यायिक समीक्षा:

• न्यायालय राष्ट्रपति के आदेश को असंवैधानिक मानकर निरस्त कर सकता है।
• उदाहरण: राष्ट्रपति हैरी ट्रूमैन द्वारा स्टील मिलों को जब्त करने का आदेश सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने अस्वीकार कर दिया।

अगले राष्ट्रपति का निर्णय:

• नए राष्ट्रपति पिछले आदेशों को रद्द या संशोधित कर सकते हैं।

इतिहास में महत्वपूर्ण एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर्स:

EO 9066 (1942):

• राष्ट्रपति फ्रैंकलिन डी. रूजवेल्ट ने द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान जापानी-अमेरिकियों को कैद करने का आदेश दिया।

EO 9981 (1948):

• राष्ट्रपति हैरी एस. ट्रूमैन ने सशस्त्र बलों का नस्लीय भेदभाव समाप्त किया।

EO 13769 (2017):

• राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प द्वारा जारी “ट्रैवल बैन,” जो मुस्लिम-बहुल देशों के यात्रियों पर प्रतिबंध लगाता है।

एक्जीक्यूटिव ऑर्डर कितने सामान्य हैं?

• पूरे अमेरिकी इतिहास में हजारों आदेश जारी किए गए हैं।
• जॉर्ज वॉशिंगटन ने केवल 8 ऑर्डर हस्ताक्षर किए, जबकि फ्रैंकलिन रूजवेल्ट ने 3,721।
• ट्रम्प ने अपने पहले कार्यकाल में 220 और बाइडेन ने अब तक 160 आदेश जारी किए।