October 18, 2024
Why in News?:These terms were recently in news reagrding the marital rape in India and observation & interpretation of Supreme Court.
What is Marital Rape Exception (MRE)
The MRE is a colonial relic, originating from the “doctrine of coverture” in English common law, which severely curtailed a married woman’s legal autonomy. As elucidated by the Supreme Court in Joseph Shine versus Union of India in 2018, this doctrine assumed that the husband and wife became a single entity after marriage, that is, “the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband”.
However, in 1991, England outlawed the MRE in the landmark case of R versus R underscoring that the common law doctrine no longer represented the true position of a wife in present-day society.
What are challenges before the SC ?
Section 375 of the IPC delineates seven conditions under which sexual intercourse is deemed rape, such as when it occurs without the woman’s consent, or when consent is obtained through coercion. Those convicted are punished with a prison term of at least 10 years, which can be extended to a life sentence, along with a possible fine. However, the provision stipulates two “exceptions”.
The first exception pertains to medical procedures. As per the second exception, “sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife” do not constitute rape if the wife is over 18 years of age.
Civil remedies can also be availed under laws such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) but they are limited to “protection orders, judicial separation and monetary compensation”. The petitioners have argued that the exception is unconstitutional since it violates a host of fundamental rights.
What is The Doctrine of Coverture ?
वैवाहिक बलात्कार अपवाद (एमआरई)/कवरचर का सिद्धांत चर्चा में क्यों? ये शब्द हाल ही में भारत में वैवाहिक बलात्कार और सुप्रीम कोर्ट के अवलोकन और व्याख्या के संबंध में चर्चा में थे। वैवाहिक बलात्कार अपवाद (एमआरई) क्या है?
SC के सामने क्या चुनौतियाँ हैं?
पहला अपवाद चिकित्सा प्रक्रियाओं से संबंधित है। दूसरे अपवाद के अनुसार, “किसी पुरुष द्वारा अपनी पत्नी के साथ यौन संबंध या यौन क्रियाएं” बलात्कार नहीं मानी जाती हैं, यदि पत्नी की आयु 18 वर्ष से अधिक है।
एमआरई विवाहित महिलाओं को अविवाहित महिलाओं के लिए विस्तारित कानूनों के संरक्षण से वंचित करके गैर-सहमति वाले यौन संबंधों के पीड़ितों की दो अलग-अलग श्रेणियां बनाता है।
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